The Media Coverage Of Womens Sport In Australia Media Essay

The Media Coverage Of Womens Sport In Australia Media Essay In past centuries, women were discouraged from participating in any physical activity. Women were seen as having inadequate strength and ability to perform any physical activity instead were expected to be submissive and obedient supporters of their male relatives in this one sex activity. In the contemporary world, women have the rights to participate in different sports, and are acknowledged for their expertise to a degree; however, it is obvious that mens sport is still dominant. It is evident in nearly all societies that men were and still are receiving the majority of the media coverage, and are more recognised and rewarded for their athletic efforts. When images are presented in the media for sport, they are often of muscular men who have achieved excellence in their sport. At a young age, children are influenced to follow the stereotypes created through the years. Young girls are often excluded in school sports and pressured to express themselves as more passive and beautiful beings. As a result, young boys are given higher opportunities in sport and are rewarded for such things as getting dirty in a game of football and tackling players is rugby. As George Orwell said, Sport is war without bullets. Sometimes the language of sport borrows the language of war: we hear about battles, warriors, and some very real-life injuries. By comparing sport to past events such as war, where women were subjected to roles that only supported men as they were seen as weak, feminine and vulnerable, it is clear that the media is encouraging this disempowerment. While girls are increasingly encouraged to participate in sport, they are brought up believing that they are much weaker than boys, and cannot perform at the same level or intensity. Boys that do not fit the male stereotype norm in sports are often portrayed as having feminised gender characteristics. A young boy to be told that he throws like a girl or runs like a girl is considered an insult to normalised masculinity. Sport and masculinity are closely entwined, and as a result femininity has been defined as the other and distanced from sport. Men who enter the industry in traditionally female sports such as gymnastics, dance and diving are stereotyped as performing in a more feminine domain. Women in Australia have become largely involved in a majority of sports and sporting events including the Olympics and the Commonwealth games. Over 40 percent of the total participants in the Athens Olympic Games in 2004 were women, and Australia had one of the largest contributions to this percentage. However, their achievements are less acknowledged as those of men, through receiving less media coverage on TV and in the print media, newspapers and magazines. Womens sport receives a total of 9% of all sports coverage in all Australian television news and current affairs (Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, 2010). On the other hand, male sport receives over 80%. This unequal coverage has unfortunately created a difficult situation for sportswomen. Women are given less opportunities for professionalism and their media representation commonly portrays them as sexualised and feminine. Unfortunately the limited numbers of women in management within the industry means that changing this disempowerment is a difficult issue for women. The minimal coverage describes women in ways that stress feminine beauty, weakness, passivity and insignificance, deflecting attention from their athleticism. As women are not seen as equally skilful nor worthy of this media coverage, women find it vital to have a strong focus on their appearance to attract the attention of viewers. In a majority of womens sports, the outfits worn by female athletes are minimal and tight, and hair and makeup is flawless which portrays women as glamorous rather than skilful. Womens sport in Australia sees the Opals in basketball wearing tight fitting bodysuits in contrast to the mens knee length oversized shorts and baggy jerseys and women in beach volleyball wearing skimpy bathers while men play in shorts. This image attracts the wrong attention from viewers and even though the number of viewers (usually men) may increase due to this, women are stereotyped and their true abilities are made insignificant. Women are forced to contest each other to find ways to attract coverage to grow their profile and draw much-needed sponsorship dollars. After attracting sponsorship women are pressured by their sponsors to continue to emphasise femininity and look glamorous and beautiful, in order to be successful. Martina Navratilova is one athlete that never followed the stereotype, and relied on her athletic skills in order to be successful. Todays women tennis stars are good athletes who shouldnt have to wear dresses with plunging necklines to grab headlines (Navratilova, M 2000) On the other hand, Tennis superstar Anna Kournikova, has never won a professional tennis tournament, yet is one of the most famous women athletes. She relies on her looks and chooses to promote herself sexually, generally in mens magazine. The courts are as a stage, people love to see attractive players. Yes it is true I always try to be as seductive as possible but I wouldnt be here if I couldnt play tennis (Kournikova, A 2010). Majority of women athletes understand that to be entirely successful, they must have to follow the stereotype and have a strong feminine look to attract viewers. The language used by the media to describe women athletes subjects them to downgrading and sexist language. Women are often described using words such as vulnerable, choking and defeated while male athletes are given empowerment through the language used to describe them. The majority of descriptions of men include words such strong, powerful and gutsy giving them confidence to perform. Commentators and writers in the media push this disempowerment by not only using this language, but by relating women to children and treating them as amateur, unprofessional athletes through using their first names only. Lack of sponsorship hampers the growth and professionalism of womens sports. As the women are unable to obtain substantial sponsorship, they are unable to receive an increase of media coverage and vice versa, therefore the situation is difficult to overcome. The Australian Bodyboarding Pro Tour has been around as a contest for men to express their surfing abilities. For women, this contest has only been available for a few years, with most girls funding their own participation and travel expenses. Out of over 20 women entrants from Australia, only 4 received sponsorship. For women to be able to continue to perform like men, and grow in professionalism, they need to acquire funds like men do. The minimal of coverage is limiting the sponsorship opportunities therefore restricting career and training opportunities. Earning a minimal income from their competitions makes women unable to balance a professional sporting career and a family life. Without sponsorship, or a high winning income, women are forced to also work for a living in order to support their sport, and their family lives. Their busy schedules mean their hours to daily exercise and training are limited, which affects their chances of performing at their best ability. It was once thought that perhaps male athletes were more powerful athletes and therefore deserving of a higher salary. Society believed that the athletes performed at a harder and more exciting standard and for longer periods of time. However, this fact is entirely false and majority of sports are played, and at the same standard, by both men and women. Kira Llewellyn, who surfs for a living, is usually paid between $1000 and $5000 for her competition winnings. She received $20,000 US prize for the Sintra Pro in Portugal which was the largest sum for a woman in this contest. However, this prize money is not acceptable when the male winner received double the amount. Society has minimal understanding and knowledge of the sports due to the restricted coverage. Shelley Maher, president of Womens Lacrosse Australia said Australia is number one in the world in womens lacrosse and yet a very small percentage of the population would know about our sport, let alone that we were champions. Women strive hard to accomplish their goals in their sport. Sadly though, the lack of coverage means they are not credited for those achievements. Its not fair that a tennis player, for example, gets a half page article for breaking into the world top ten and we have the best in the world right here under our noses and nobody outside the sport seems to care, body boarding enthusiast Amanda Dahl says. In fact, the sportswomen from Australia in the 2006 Commonwealth Games won more gold and silver medals than men. Consistent media coverage can benefit a sport by creating positive role models for societys younger generations. These roles models sadly are limited in the world today because of this minimal coverage. Roles models are needed in contemporary Australia to help girls to set goals and accomplish their dreams. Once children reach adolescence, participation in physical activity declines immensely. Having role models in the media, allows the children see that women athletes do exist and therefore these children will begin to see athleticism as an important part in the female identity. The media needs to show a diversity of models, some with a strong athletic ability to ensure, to ensure that the younger generation is able to break through the construction on feminity. In conclusion, women have always been seen as the second sex when it comes to sport. Even though it is evident that coverage has increase over the years, it is clearly still a major disempowerment. Womens sport needs to be given equal coverage as men and needs to focus on their talents rather than the stereotypical images of women such as beautiful and sexualised. This will help create a standard for Australia that both women and men are equal beings, and will be expressed to the world through their media coverages. These factors as above need to be addressed to allow women to succeed in the sporting industry. Being given equal income, and not making women sexualised will create role models for the younger generations and will allow the industry to grow positively. Providing more physical education for girls in school based institutions will encourage young girls to continue exercise and understand it is achievable to perform at an elite level. As Kate Ellis, the Federal Minister for Sport stated, In a country with such a rich sporting culture as Australia, where womens sport is competitive and very successful on the international stage, it is incredibly disappointing that female sport remains so starkly under-represented in the media.

Reasons for inefficiency in monopolies Essay

1 Reasons for inefficiency in monopolies 1. 1 Monopolies and pricing A monopoly prices its products where marginal costs meet marginal revenues to maximise profits. Due to the fact that this price is higher than the market price in perfect competition, many consumers are not able or willing to buy at the higher price. This deadweight loss is an allocative inefficiency. Figure 1: Pricing in monopolies and perfect competition The consumer surplus in perfect competition is 1+2+4, and the producer surplus is 3+5. The consumer surplus in a monopoly is 1, the producer surplus is 2+3, and the deadweight loss is 4+5. 1. 2 Monopolies and productive efficiency In theory, a monopoly does not have to be less (productive) efficient than perfect competition. In reality, however, almost all monopolies tend to be inefficient. This may be for the following reasons: 1. 2. 1 Pressure for productive efficiency In perfect competition the price within an industry is determined by the market, or in other words, by demand and supply. Profit maximisation is achieved where the marginal cost curve intersects the demand curve (see figure 1). This means that in perfect competition, the company maximises its profit at the minimum point of its average cost curve. A company in a perfectly competitive environment tries, therefore, to be as efficient as possible in order to meet the minimum average cost. This causes a lot of pressure to achieve productive efficiency. A company in a monopolistic environment is able to change not only its cost, but also its prices. There is far less pressure for productive efficiency. 1. 2. 2 Diseconomies of scale A monopoly may increase its output to the point where it exceeds the minimum point of cost on its long-run average total cost curve. In this case, diseconomies of scale occur. 1. 2. 3 X-inefficiency. In perfect competition, X-inefficiency of one market participant will have almost no influence on the market and the market price. X-inefficiencies in a monopoly increase cost and, therefore, price. X-inefficiencies are more likely in monopolies because there is no benchmark to monitor the performance of management and less pressure from shareholders and markets. 1. 2. 4 Principal Agent There are no benchmarks and most shareholders and regulators do not have the insight into the company to evaluate management. 1. 2. 5 Case study: Deutsche Post AG (DPAG), Germany. The privatisation of most regulatory monopolies during the last few decades shows that competition decreases costs: Figure 2: Deutsche Post AG: Postal items delivered and employees (FTE) 1999-2005 The Deutsche Post AG lost its monopoly on the delivery of letters over 100 grams in 1998 and on the delivery of letters between 50-100 grams in 2005. From 1999- 2005, employees were reduced by 16% despite the fact that the total number of items delivered increased by over 3%. This means that during the monopoly the DPAG had a lower productive efficiency, delivering fewer items with more people and higher costs.

Should New Zealand Allow Genetically Modified Food Essay

Living in a world that is changing constantly and advancing due to technological advances, particularly in the area of molecular genetics. New ways are discovered and implemented to improve what nature has to offer, a variety of species are being genetically modified in order to produce new substances and carry out different functional roles (Ministry for the Environment, 2004). With the use of genetic engineering a gene of interest is introduced into a different species, allowing for a desired trait to be acquired in that species (Hui Culbertson, 2006). With the introduction of genetic engineering it is now possible to produce crops that produce greater yields, in shorter periods of time and also provide resistance from pests, along with other various beneficial effects (Thomas et al, 2003). Many countries globally have already exercised the use of genetic engineering, however due to the strict regulations in New Zealand, commercial growth is prohibited. It is important to apprecia te, understand and think of the dilemma that New Zealand faces in this situation, should New Zealand allow genetically modified food crops to be grown commercially? To answer this question the theory of Utilitarianism and Deontology will be applied. The first ethical theory to be applied to this topic will be utilitarianism. Utilitarianism focuses on achieving the most good for the highest number by making a decision, which maximizes beneficial consequences and minimizes those that areShow MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Organisms : Biological Concepts And Processes Essay2188 Words   |  9 PagesJemma Clarke 13AN Genetically modified organisms Biological concepts and processes:- The abbreviation for genetically modified organism1 is a GMO. A GMO is an organism whose genome2 has been altered by the techniques of genetic engineering3 so that its DNA4 contains one or more genes not normally found there. Genetic modification is done through the recombination of DNA. Recombinant DNA is produced firstly by isolating a DNA sequence, then inserting it into the DNA of a different organism. RecombinantRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And The Food Supply1642 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumer’s food without the world’s communities approval and it still continues today. Genetically modified organisms have contaminated the food supply. â€Å"A GMO (genetically modified organism) is the result of a laboratory process where genes from the DNA of one species are extracted and artificially forced in the genes of an unrelated plant or animal† (Seeds of Deception). The results have no health benefits, only financial benefits to the companies that produce them. The genetically modified organismsRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Developing Genetically Engineered Organisms1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Developing Genetically Engineered Organisms Genetic engineering is the method of changing organisms characteristics inherited by alerting it genetic material. This often done to cause micro organisms, such as bacteria and viruses, to synthesize increased yields of compounds, to form entirely new compounds, or to adapt to different environments. Other uses of this such of a technology, is known as the recombinant DNA technology, it Read MoreWhy Gm Crop Should Be Grown Essay1845 Words   |  8 PagesBiology 3.2- Why GM crop should be grown in New Zealand Introduction A Genetically modified organism (GMO) is the product of artificially changing the genome of an organism, resulting in a change in phenotype. This process is commonly found used on crops and foods that we all eat. The reason that GM is used is that it causes the organism to express a phenotype that has some sort of benefit towards the organism. This practice is widely used in Agriculture as causes the crops to develop certain traitsRead MoreWhy GMOs Should Be Banned674 Words   |  3 PagesGenetically modified foods are produced from organisms that have gone through a process that introduces specific changes to its DNA using genetic engineering. This process allows companies to choose specify traits a crop will display. On the surface this process seems like a technological breakthrough, and it is, however, the topic of genetically modified foods (GMOs) is very complex. There are many aspects of this process we must consider when deciding if GMOs should continue to be sold. Due toRea d MoreLabeling Of Genetically Modified Foods Essay2006 Words   |  9 PagesBeware of GM foods’ risk! 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According to science, nutrients are one of the four requirements of life for all human beings. Every day, we are faced with choices about our foods. Do we eat fast food, healthy, organic or non-organic? Should we eat genetically modified foods and howRead MoreGenetic Engineering in Agriculture Essay3427 Words   |  14 PagesGenetic Engineering in Agriculture Among the millions of species that inhabit the planet, only twenty species provide ninety percent of the human food supply (Montgomery 2000). Since the introduction of genetic engineering, however, livestock and crops have a more productive future. Transfer of engineered genes from organism to organism occurs through hybridization, conjugation, and transformation in microorganisms. By the substitution of genes into agricultural species, biodiversity

Relationship Between Chinese Stock Market And Macro Economy

Literature review Name/student number: Yatian Chen B150132143 The study of the relationship between Chinese stock market and macro economy:† Can Chinese stock market imply macro economy?† 1.Motivation Researches concerning on macro economy and stock markets of established markets have been widely studied in the past. Early studies in this area support the argument that stock market returns are influenced by economic announcements ( Hardouvelis, 1988 ). Additionally, authors such as Levine and Zervos ( 1996 ) have produced significant evidence that stock markets returns are influenced by macroeconomic indicators such as Gross Domestic Production ( GDP ), productivity, employment and interest rates. However, there has been†¦show more content†¦Therefore, a study for China is essential as it potentially creates a necessary background for studying similar areas for Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa. Further, It is interesting that even though China has become one of the most powerful economic unit in the world and also has been developing steadily and fast during the last three decades, its stock market is still very volatile overtime. Thus, problems that whether the Chinese stock market really has the ability to react macro economy or how well the stock market can fit the macro economy still need some further studies and researches to discover. The conclusion of this dissertation can not only help the Chinese investors to make better investment decisions but also make some suggestions to the the ones who regulate Chinese economy and finance. 2.Theories, data, variables and research methods Before the research, it is meaningful to be well aware of the basic theories related to the topic, which thus will assist for choosing suitable variables. Following what is mentioned above, it is able to apply good research methods to conduct the research. 2.1 Theories 2.1.1 Capital Asset Pricing Model Even though many articles are conducted to critically study the capital asset pricing model ( CAPM ), it is widely used around financial

Cesar Chavez Essay - 1556 Words

One of the greatest civil rights activists of our time; one who believed the ways of Gandhi and Martin Luther King that â€Å"violence can only hurt us and our cause† (Cesar Chavez); a quiet, devoted, small catholic man who had nothing just like those he help fight for; â€Å"one of Americas most influential labor leaders of the late twentieth century† (Griswold del Castillo); and one â€Å"who became the most important Mexican-American leader in the history of the United States† (Ender). Cesar Chavez; an American farm worker, who would soon become the labor leader that led to numerous improvements for union workers; it is recorded that Chavez was born near Yuma, Arizona on March 31, 1927 and died on April 23, 1993 in San Luis, Arizona. (Wikipedia) His†¦show more content†¦Chavez joined his parents to help harvest carrots, cotton, and grapes under the blazing California sun. During this period Cesar Chavez experienced the corrupt labor contractors, extr emely low wages, and poor living and working conditions that the migrant workers had to endure. Around this time as well, he got his first glimpse of union organizing when his father became active in several union activities. (Ramakrishnan; Russell) It is believed that Chavez’s father and uncle actively supported unions. Therefore he learned at a young age firsthand about strikes, organizing operations, and also picket lines. (Gale Encyclopedia) During his lifetime, Cesar Chavez and his followers made many changes and contributions to society. While he was alive, he had the privilege to see what his non-violence actions produced; what they transpired. It is recorded that Chavez began actively organizing workers in the fields in 1952. The California-based Community Service Organization (CSO) recruited and trained for his work. Chavez built new chapters of CSO, led voter registration drives, and helped Mexican-Americans confront issues of police and immigration abuse during the next ten years. In 1958 he became general director of CSO. With $1,200 of his own savings, Chavez resigned four years later, to found the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) in 1962. (Gale Encyclopedia) He was a very determined man; strived in everything he put his mind to. Russell declares that byShow MoreRelated Cesar Chavez Essay1771 Words   |  8 Pagesand our cause† (Cesar Chavez); a quiet, devoted, small catholic man who had nothing j ust like those he help fight for; â€Å"one of Americas most influential labor leaders of the late twentieth century† (Griswold del Castillo); and one â€Å"who became the most important Mexican-American leader in the history of the United States† (Ender). 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Chavez took all his important values, life lessons, and work experience to make a difference in the United States (Tejada-Flores, â€Å"Cesar Chavez†). Although he faces opposing opinions, he still managed to successfully lead the Delano grape strike and boycott and even help create the nation as we know it today. Ceasar Chavez did not support only Latinos; he was eager to supportRead MoreCesar Chavez and the Chicano Civil Rights Movement2910 Words   |  12 PagesCesar Chavez and the Chicano Civil Rights Movement Introduction In the mid-1960s thousands of Chicanos, people of Mexican descent, walked off the California grape fields in which they worked in protest of exploitation and poor working conditions. They wanted fair wages, better working conditions, and education for their children. They wanted all the opportunities that were extended to other Americans. Among the disgruntled employees was the soft-spoken Cà ©sar Chà ¡vez, who believed that his people’sRead MoreThe United Farm Workers Movement: Cesar Chavez Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesconditions and more job opportunities. The United Farm Workers movement was led primarily by Dolores Huerta, Gilbert Padilla, and Cesar Chavez. Cesar Chavez coordinated the protests, and was at the time the President of the United Farm workers movement. Like Martin Luther King, Cesar Chavez believed in peaceful protests, and found boycotts and strikes to be most effective. Cesar Chavez said, â€Å"there is no such thing as defeat in nonviolence†.B efore the United Farm Workers movement, immigrants were not allowedRead More Cesar Chavez: A Great Organizer and Leader Essays2055 Words   |  9 PagesMexican migrant workers of southern California are the most recent historical group to fall into this pattern of exploitation mostly from their lack of organization. Cesar E. Chavez was a great organizer and leader of the United Farm Workers labor union. Robert Kennedy referred to him as â€Å"one of the heroic figures of our time.† Chavez used his life experiences in order to better the lives of many migrant workers in America. Key points in Chavez’s life that had profound effects on the Mexican AmericanRead MoreEssay about The American Dream: Cà ©sar Chavez893 Words   |  4 Pagesimmigrants, mainly from Central and South America, came here by choice. Many came with their families, fleeing from their native land’s poverty; these immigrants were in search of new opportunities, and more importantly, a new life. They faced abuse and Cesar Chavez fought to help bring equality to minorities. For many around the world, the United States have become known as the country of opportunity and success. Consequently, many believe in the idea of the American dream, a life abundant with opportunitiesRead MoreCesar Chavez was born on March 31, 1927 in a small town near Yuma, Arizona near the border. Born800 Words   |  4 PagesCesar Chavez was born on March 31, 1927 in a small town near Yuma, Arizona near the border. Born into a poor family, Cesar grew up in Arizona and in a small adobe home along with his parents (United Farm Workers 1). In his early life Cesar experienced a lot of injustices and saw how not only his parents, but most farm workers were being mistreated and overworked. Cesar Chavez later learned a lesson in his life about injustices that he would never be able to forget (United Farm Workers 1). Cesar wouldRead MoreCesar Chavez Essay796 Words   |  4 PagesCesar Chavez Cesar Chavez was an American labor leader and leader of the civil rights movements. Chavez was in search of justice for his people, especially Mexicans and Latinos. He stands up for these people because he saw how their bosses were with those people. Their bosses were treating them like slaves and not paying them the amount of money they should be getting. Chavez was a victim of that and he saw that no one was making any changes and he took the chance and do justice. Chavez wasRead MoreBiography of Cesar Chavez1827 Words   |  7 PagesCesar Chavez, an eighth grade dropout, proves to be a man of courage, honesty and honor. This notable union leader was toughened and prepared for the life ahead of him by his early experience as a migrant laborer. Facing injustices at an early age and commencing childhood as a poor farm worker, Cesar Chavez could have been a man of insignificance. Instead, Cesar never failed to be a loyal leader and strive for justice all while being a passionate worker to live out the American dream. His value for

McDonald’s An Iconic Chinese Restaurant Free Essays

McDonald’s is an iconic figure in America, almost every household has eaten there at least once, but what about other countries around the world? In Golden Arches East: McDonald’s in East Asia, James Watson uses the logos rhetorical appeal to make his points about the iconic McDonald’s status in China throughout McDonald’s in Hong Kong. He does this most effectively via his many uses of evidence he gathered from talking to the Chinese people in Hong Kong that patronize the restaurant, evidence gathered from speaking with the management of the McDonald’s in Hong Kong and his own observations. James Watson’s McDonald’s in Hong Kong begins by showing the reader the importance of food to the Cantonese customer. We will write a custom essay sample on McDonald’s: An Iconic Chinese Restaurant or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cantonese people are proud of their food and most of the older generations are able to describe a single meal in detail many years after eating it. The author goes on to describe how McDonald’s has incorporated themselves into the local culture by accepting and embracing local beliefs instead of trying to change them and by being adaptable in the running of the business. Watson also describes the emergence of a new culture springing out of the American based business by bringing former non-practices like celebrating birthdays into practice and providing areas safe for younger generations to form their own identities through group activities. Food is an integral part of human life all over the world, but in China food is also an integral part of human society. Older generations of Chinese people are frequently able to describe in exact detail a single meal from start to finish including where the food came from and what dishes were used in the serving of the meal. As evidenced within the text Mr. Man â€Å"recounted–in exacting detail–the flavor and texture of each dish, the sequence of spices, and the order of presentation† (77). This is worthy to note only because the meal, according to the author, took place fifty years prior (78). Clearly, Mr. Man is an older gentleman at the time this interview takes place, but other generations of Chinese people also place importance on food. Children did not celebrate birthdays in China until recently and the parties that are held are ranked by the type of fruit on the cake. Watson states, â€Å"the birthday cake is an infallible status marker among younger consumers; specifically, the type and quality of fruit used to decorate the cake is what matters most† (104). This is used as evidence to back up the previous statement that â€Å"Around the age of four, Hong Kong children begin to develop a fine-tuned sense of social distinction that is reflected in consumption patterns† (104). These observations and interviews clearly show the evidence to back up the claims and arguments made by the author. McDonald’s restaurants are not the first fast food restaurants to be introduced to Hong Kong although the franchise entered the country in 1975. â€Å"By the time McDonald’s opened its first Hong Kong restaurant in 1975, the idea of fast food was already well established among local consumers† (80). There were fast-food places, operating since the 1950’s, that sold quick Chinese delicacies for the lunch crowds already in place and accepted by the culture. The author uses this information to begin effectively establishing how well McDonald’s restaurants are faring in Hong Kong. The reason for the success of the integration and subsequent popularity, according to the author, comes from many different areas. The manager took deliberate steps to make sure that the people knew that the restaurant was foreign, going so far as to keep the name of the restaurant in English for the first few years (82-83). Afterwards, when the manager had decided it was time, he decided to translate the name phonetically instead of literally. â€Å"Mr. Ng decided to capture the sound of â€Å"McDonald’s,† in three homophonic characters, rather than create a name that would convey meaning–thus making the company appear to be a Chinese enterprise† (83). McDonald’s is not seen as a foreign institution, but is an accepted Chinese restaurant (107). The McDonald’s chain has succeeded in becoming an icon in China’s new popular culture (86). Children often are seen entering these restaurants after school to study or get together with their friends. They have birthday parties as young children and, according to the author, it is â€Å"the students, with their book bags and computers, who have claimed McDonald’s as their own† (106). The author uses the argument that study space is limited in Hong Kong to help the reader visualize the reasons for the children and teens to go to McDonald’s in order to study for exams and meet with friends. Watson states, â€Å"Interviews with teenagers revealed that McDonald’s is perceived as a place that offers more space, in the literal sense of distance between tables, than any other public eatery in Hong Kong (save for the more expensive restaurants)† (106). Clearly, McDonald’s is seen as a safe place for children and teens to gather and spend time without fear of violence and the author even states that McDonald’s staff keep a sharp watch for possible fights or disruptions, but trouble of this nature rarely breaks out in fast food restaurants. Managers know by sight most of the gang members in their neighborhood and sometimes delegate a (large) male employee to shadow potential troublemakers-standing uncomfortably close to them, watching every move (105). It is for these reasons, among many others, that McDonald’s has the iconic status in China that it does. By setting themselves as the standard, based upon the evidence given by the author through observations, interviews with clientele and interviews with the management, McDonald’s restaurants have become an integral part of Chinese society. The arguments put forth by the author, as evidenced in this paper, make for an effective argument about the importance of McDonald’s on Chinese society. By using quotes from clientele and management alike, Watson backs up his statements and beliefs enough to make them wholly reliable. The inclusion of facts gleaned from the McDonald’s corporation also serves to support his conclusions he has reached that McDonald’s is part of a new cultural era in Hong Kong. How to cite McDonald’s: An Iconic Chinese Restaurant, Papers

Respect Army Nco free essay sample

The Noncommissioned Officer Corp is the backbone of a professional army. Through real hands on experiences, and progression through the enlisted ranks, the NCO should be in a position of self confidence and esteem, that their position alone should demand respect from both enlisted soldiers and our officers, because the NCO is in a leadership position, and respecting at least their position and authority is required by regulation. The Unite States Army does not make the town’s idiot an NCO. An NCO is the one who has been there, done that, and has gone through a rug road. They are the ones who get the mission accomplished.The NonCommisioned Officer is the backbone of the military. They are the ones with the experience that is required to be a voice of reason. Often times, it requires a finite balance of leadership ability and good common sense to properly influence both the Officers and Junior Enlisted Soldiers to ensure that every aspect of a mission or training event happen to standard. We will write a custom essay sample on Respect Army Nco or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page NCOs lead, teach, train, mentor, supervise and care for soldiers. Non Comissioned officers are the ones that can make sense out of chaos. Keep calm under pressure (and under fire) and are overall responsible for everything that happens or fails to happen in the military.Officers arent taught to march by officers, they are taught by NCOs. No one learns to fire a rifle without and NCO. Basic training and certain elements of the Officer Basic Course are taught by NCOs. Without respect to NCOs, you loose alot that deals with the basic fundementals of good military order and discipline. Soldiers think that they have a right to respect when they join the Army, and they do, but they often times forget that the NCOs who are there to lead them have earned theirs. They have been there and done that. The NCO is what makes the military of today. That is exactly the reason why you or no one below and NCO