Monday, August 24, 2020

Omar Khayyam The Enigma Essay Example For Students

Omar Khayyam The Enigma Essay PROLOGUEOmar Kahyyam was principally a mathematician and a stargazer. He was an amazingly keen person who composed numerous hypotheses in material science and power. He is likewise credited with the renewal of the Persian calender with seven other extraordinary minds to make a calender more precise than the Gregorian calender. Amusingly he is known to the present reality for his deciphered assortment of melodious quatrains called the Rubaiyat. His life and works are to some degree a riddle since he was fairly disliked until after his demise. However the work he is generally known and adored for is considered to have been a gross mistranslation of both character and substance. This paper will be partitioned into six areas. The first is the preface. The preamble was utilized to acquaint Omar with the peruser. Next there will be a short account of his life and significant impacts of his work. Following this will be an area on his masterpiece and just work, The Rubaiyat. This will incorporate scholarly analysis of his popular work. After this there will be a short end to summarize the general paper followed by an epilog with my assessment on Khayyam. At last in my list of sources the peruser will see my hotspots for look into and my supposition on those books. I. OMAR KHAYYAM, THE ENIGMAIn the historical backdrop of world writing Omar Khayyam is a puzzle. No writer of whenever period has gotten more prominent acknowledgment and acclaim through such a huge misreading of his work. Known today around the world, Khayyams works would undoubtable be incomprehensible in cutting edge writing in they were not deciphered by English author Edward FitzGerald. The conundr um is that FitzGerald confused both Khayyam and his works in his interpretation to begin a ceaseless conflict1. FitzGerald added to his versions of the Rubaiyat a historical sketch entitled Omar Khayyam: The Astronomer Poet of Persia. In this he composed his supposition that Khayyam was an enemy of strict realist who accepted lifes just importance was to be found in wine, tune, and common joys: Having fizzled (anyway erroneously) of finding any Providence yet Destiny, and any world however this, he set about creation its the greater part; leaning toward rather to mitigate the spirit through the faculties into quiet submission with things as he saw them, than to astound it with vain disquietude after what they may be. He takes a diverting or unreasonable joy in commending the satisfaction of sense over that of acumen, wherein he more likely than not taken extraordinary pleasure, in spite of the fact that it neglected to respond to the inquiries in which he, in the same manner as all men, was most imperatively interested2. This was the way Fitzgerald deciphered the insignificant realities of Kha yyams life. Numerous later investigations of Khayyam uncover a progressively exact depiction of his life and his works. Omars complete name was Ghiyath ud Din Abul Fatah Omar receptacle Ibrahim al Khayyam. From his name and the traditions of the time it very well may be deciphered that his dad was a tent creator, which is the significance of Khayyam. It can likewise be seen that his dad was named Ibrahim. Omar utilized the name Khayyam as his nom de plume. He was conceived at Naishapur in the region of Khorastan (situated in the northeastern piece of present day Iran) on May 18, 10483. Omars extraordinary impact and educator was Imam Mowaffak whom he and numerous others concentrated under. It was through Imam that Omar met two other of his students and become friends with them. One was Nizam ul Mulk, and the other was Ben Sabbah. These three read under Imam for around four years, in these four years they became incredible companions and impacts on one another. Towards the finish of their investigations with Imam they made a settlement. In view of the prevalent instruction each of them three had gotten the judged that in any event one of them would get rich and significant. They made a settlement that when one of them became of some significance they would part their fortunes three different ways. Following quite a while of voyaging Nizam turned into a central guide to the Sultan. The first to come guarantee his offer was Ben Sabbah. He requested a spot in government and was given a place of high respect. He before long made a blockhead of himself and was expelled from his position as a result of all his ravenousness. Omar additionally came to guarantee his offer; however not to request a title or a position. All Khayyam needed to do was live in one corner of the shadow of his enormity, when Nizam understood the Omar was being honest he allowed him an annuity from the gold treasury of Naishapur4. Very little is Known of his life as a youngster, however that at seventeen years old he was at that point skilled in the scholarly subjects of his day. Accordingly of the early demise of his dad Omar started to search for intends to help himself. He along these lines set out on a distinguished open profession at eighteen years old. Cheerful Encounter EssayEdward FitzGeralds adaptation of the Rubaiyat is a delightful streaming sonnet that is extremely representative and important. His form is additionally cherished by numerous individuals and shared all through the world. To consider it an interpretation anyway appears to be to some degree uncalled for to the first creator. The interpretation was in fact change deliberately to make it additionally speaking to individuals in Europe, anyway the character and importance of Khayyam were unintentionally misconstrued. The genuine Rubaiyat is a non streaming assortment of sonnets called quatrains. These sonnets talk about the excellence of nature, a nature given to s by god. They additionally talk about the confinements of science where confidence is required. They are rousing and elegantly composed by the most well known Persian artist ever to Quill a sonnet. EPILOGUEOMAR KHAYYAM, THE ENIGMA NO LONGER. As expressed in my report over the most well known interpretation of the Rubaiyat is Edward FitzGeralds. I read his interpretation since it is the just one written in English. I felt it was an exceptionally streaming and melodious sonnet that stood preferred as a total work over isolated sonnets. However each and every quatrain had more than one significance relying upon the peruser. To communicate my conclusion on Omar Khayyam I believe I will likewise communicate my supposition on Edward Fitzgerald. I feel FitzGerald simply read the Rubaiyat and chose to distribute what it intended to him. The main issue with this is he distributed it as an interpretation and not an understanding. The fundamental issue with what he did is that he thought he was deciphering it as Khayyam believed it to be deciphered. What he truly did was totally miss the substance of Khayyams extraordinary work, and hence this prompted FitzGeralds distortion of Khayyams character. Concerning Omar Khayyam himself, in view of my exploration, he was an extremely fascinating and good individual. He was clearly mentally better than the vast majority of his time. His work and his life really mirror all that FitzGerald guaranteed in his short account to be bogus. The genuine Omar Khayyam was faithfully strict and despite the fact that he was a researcher and a discerning mastermind he had no issue expounding on the constraints of science and the significance of strict confidence. I saw Omar Khayyam as the most intriguing creator I have ever examined in light of the fact that it nearly appeared accomplishing investigator work. At the point when I found the Rubaiyat by FitzGerald I felt just as I found an amazing true to life source. That is until I looked further into it and gradually opened up the secret around this incredible world insight. FOOTNOTES1Khayyam, Omar. Grolier Multi-Media Encyclopedia (Grolier Incorporated, 1995) 2Paramahansa Yogananda, Wine of the Mystic(Los Angeles: Self-Realization Fellowship,1994)xiii. 3Literature World Masterpieces(New York:Prentice Hall, 1991)98. 4Edward FitzGerald, The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam(New York:Illustrated Editions Company)forward. 5Yogananda xiv. 6FitzGerald forward. 7Yogananda xviii. 8Poetry Criticism: Khayyam(London: Cassell and Company)142-145. 9Yogananda xxi-xxiii. 10Poetry Criticism 147-15211Yogananda xvii-xxi. BIBLIOGRAPHYFitzGerald, Edward. The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam(NewYork:Illustrated Editions Company)forward. This book comprised of a short anecdotal sketch of Khayyam that end up being valuable. It likewise contained FitzGeralds interpretation of the Rubaiyat. Grolier Multi-Media Encyclopedia Khayyam, Omar. (Grolier Incorporated, 1995) This short reference book article gave me some particular dates I required and educated me regarding the contention over interpretations. Writing World Masterpieces(New York:Prentice Hall, 1991)98. This is our writing book in school. It helped me about as much as the reference book article. Verse Criticism: Khayyam(London: Cassell and Company)142-145. This is the place I acquired my artistic reactions and found of different interpretations of the Rubaiyat. Yogananda Paramahansa. Wine of the Mystic(Los Angeles: Self-Realization Fellowship,1994)xiii. The book sited above is an understanding of the Rubaiyat by the writer. It helped me to all the more effectively comprehend the more prominent importance of Khayyam. This book likewise contained a long memoir. This was effectively the most accommodating book I had the option to find.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Apple marketing stategy Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apple showcasing stategy - Article Example This will make it moderate for the new clients to buy the item before the item is climbed. This system will diminish danger of rivalry as the brand will have as of now have achieved a preferred position over different contenders. Expansion of the items in the market will likewise be utilized as a system to increment money related returns which will be utilized as an opposition device for the organization. The accounts will likewise be utilized as a passage boundary to potential rivals in a similar area (Hill and Jones, 2009). One of the opposition procedures of the organization is concentrated promoting. This is through the media for example TV, radio, papers and magazines. This will work in guaranteeing that clients have sufficient information concerning the presence of the item in the market. Proficient dissemination is another system to be utilized by the organization which will include specialists, deals people and various branches that are built up in various nations on the planet. Another technique that Apple Company will use to keep its opposition level high is through consistent correspondence with its clients through informal organizations and other correspondence channels, for example, online journals. This will assist the organization with having thoughts of the customer’s practices concerning the item in the market. Steady development on the item is another significant device that will be utilized to expand the life of the items in the market. This will move in the direction of lessening dreariness of utilizing a similar item over an extensive stretch by the client. It will likewise help in keeping the substitution of the items from the market by the contenders (Hill and Jones, 2009). Various items fit for various individuals (for example iPod for youthful age, workstations for agents and so on) in light of socioeconomics, for example, age; family area and so forth so as to fulfill the market, the market will be separated relying upon the interest of the item and the

Saturday, July 25, 2020

Know Your Credit Score Amounts Owed

Know Your Credit Score Amounts Owed Know Your Credit Score: Amounts Owed Know Your Credit Score: Amounts OwedIn this five-part blog series, well break down the different categories of information that make up your credit score, starting with your amounts owed.Your credit score: It’s important. It’s how lenders decide if they’re going to lend you money, and at what rates. And remaining in the dark about your score  is the perfect way to end up at the mercy of predatory payday loans and title loans.So how is your credit score determined? As it turns out, there are five categories of information that go into it: payment history, amounts owed, length of credit history, credit mix, and recent credit inquiries. We’re going through them one by one.Today, we’re talking about your amounts owed, which makes up 30 percent of your score.What is  amounts owed?Simply put, your amounts owed is, well, the amount of money that owe on your various debts, including personal loans, lines of credit, and credit cards. In order to figure out your amounts owed, all you need to do it tally up all the outstanding balances on your loans and credit cards.With amounts owed, owing less debt is generally considered a better thing than owing more. The only exception to this is if you never use any debt at all: no installment loans, no credit cards, nothing. That can leave you with a thin credit history that will hurt your score.Beyond keeping your debts to a minimumavoiding large outstanding balances and/or paying down the balances you have already built upthere’s another factor with your amounts owed that needs to be reckoned with.It’s your credit utilization.What is credit utilization?Your credit utilization refers to the percentage of your available credit that you’re using. This won’t matter with your loans, which are issued to you as a single lump sum, but it’ll matter big time with your credit cards.With credit cards, you are given a credit limit that you can borrow up to. The more money you borrow, the more of your available credit you†™re using, and the higher your credit utilization ratio rises.Credit utilization is also where your amounts owed can start to get a bit tricky.30 for (keeping it under) 30“Lenders want you to keep your utilization rate at or below 30 percent,” certified financial educator Maggie Germano (@MaggieGermano) told us. “This means that you should keep your balances below 30 percent of your actual credit limit.”“Say you only have one credit card with a limit of $1,000, but every month you end up spending at least $750. That means that your credit card utilization is typically at 75 percent. One way to improve this is to make sure you pay off your balances in full each month.”Paying down your balances is always a good idea because it also keeps you from accruing interest on the purchases you’ve made. The less you have to spend in interest, the more money you’ll have free to put towards things like emergency funds, 401k’s, or sweet dirt bikes.“If thats harder for you, cons ider asking for a credit limit increase,” says Germano. “This will only help you if you dont increase your spending, though! Keep your spending down, even if your limit is higher.”Let’s use Maggie’s previous example: If you spend $750 against a $1,000 limit, you’re utilizing 75 percent of your available credit. But if you get your limit raised to $2,000, then that $750 is only utilizing 37.5 percent of your available credit. You’ve improved your credit utilization without changing your spending habits at all!Like we said, it gets kind of trickySeven percent and zero percentIf you are committed to paying down your credit card and loan balances, you will see improvements in your credit score. (This is assuming that you don’t start paying all your bills late or hurting your score in some other way.) And once you get your open balances to a 30 percent utilization rate, that should help your score even more.But if utilizing 30 percent of your available credit is good, is there a more specific number that’s ideal? According to nationally recognized credit expert Jeanne Kelly (@CreditScoop) When you review people who have 800 scores, they use only seven percent of what is available to them.”For people who have lots of credit card debt, a seven percent utilization might sound pretty impossible to achieve, but Kelly has additional advice to help you get there:“If you get balance transfer credit cards to help lower the debt with a 0 percent interest rate, that is the time to truly focus on paying the debt down. Do not close the other account that you just transferred it from. But remember the goal is to not use the cards to build up more debt but to lower it.”Keeping your old accounts open helps your amounts owed because it raises your total available credit. Credit utilization is judged across all your different cards, so having one old card with a completely open credit line can (and likely will) positively affect your score.Paying down your de btIf you are able to qualify for those zero percent balance transfers, it’s best to combine them with a solid plan to pay down your debt. The more debt you can pay down while you’re interest-free, the better.So what’s the best way to do it? There are tons of debt repayment strategies out there, but two of the best are the Debt Snowball and the Debt Avalanche.With the Debt Snowball method, you order all your debts from the smallest balance to the largest. You put all your extra debt repayment funds towards the debt with the lowest balance, making only the minimum payments on all your other debts.Once that first debt is paid off, you take all those funds and you put them towards the next debt, working your way up from smallest balance to largest.Plus, every time you pay a debt off, you add its monthly minimum payment towards your future debts. This way, the money you’re putting towards each subsequent debt gets larger and larger, just like a snowball rolling down the hill.The Debt Avalanche is structured in much the same way, only you order your debts from the highest interest rate to the lowest, then pay off the debt with the highest rate first.To learn more about the Debt Snowball and Debt Avalanche, check out these blog  posts:Want to Get Out of Debt? Then Let It Snow(ball)!Sweep Away Your Debt With a Debt AvalancheWhat else can you do?When it comes to your amounts owed, the simplest advice is also the best: pay down your debts as fast as you can, and then try to avoid taking out lots of debt in the future. The more you stay away from high-interest bad credit loans and no credit check loans, the better!Depending on your situation, a debt consolidation loan might also be a good option to help you lower your interest rates and pay down debt faster.In regards to your credit utilization, Alayna Pehrson, digital marketing strategist for BestCompany.com, (@BestCompanyUSA), has a great strategy for keeping your ratio at 30 percent or below:“One way to impr ove your credit utilization is by keeping track of the amounts you charge your credit card. Going over a 30 percent credit utilization will negatively affect your credit score, therefore, if you set up a way to track how much youre charging to the card, then itll be easier to monitor your utilization and keep it low. You can keep track by setting balance notifications or by creating your own credit journal list.”Pehrson also warns that a credit line increase could result in a hard inquiry showing up on your report. So while it might help your score in the long run, it might cause a smaller rise, or even a small dip, in the short-term.Since your amounts owed is one of the two largest factors of your credit reportfixing your credit utilization is a great way to get your credit score up.Tune in next time, to learn about payment history!Check out the rest of our Know Your Credit Score blog series:Credit ScoresPayment HistoryAmounts OwedLength of Credit HistoryTypes of Credit UsedRecen t Credit InquiriesWhat kinds of questions do you have about your credit score? Let us know!  You can  email us,  or you can find us on Twitter at  @OppLoans.ContributorsMaggie Germano  (@MaggieGermano) is a Certified Financial Education Instructor and financial coach for women. Her mission is to give women the support and tools that they need to take control of their money, break the taboo of discussing debt and income, and achieve their goals and dreams. She does this through one-on-one  financial coaching, monthly  Money Circle  gatherings, her weekly  Money Monday  newsletter, and speaking engagements. To learn more, or to schedule a free discovery call, visit  maggiegermano.com.Jeanne Kelly  (@creditscoop)  After being turned down for a mortgage 15 years ago, Jeanne Kelly realized she needed to get her credit in order. Not only was she able to fix her bad credit, but she took the skills and knowledge she gained and decided to share it with the world. Now she’s a nationally reg arded credit coach and expert, with multiple books and television appearances. Follow her on Twitter and check out her  site  to get the credit help you need!Alayna Pehrson  is a Digital Marketing Strategist and Credit Repair Specialist at BestCompany.com  (@BestCompanyUSA).

Friday, May 22, 2020

Using the Six German Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are used to indicate a possibility or necessity. English has modal verbs like can, may, must, and will. Similarly, German has a total of six modal (or modal auxiliary) verbs that you will need to know because theyre used all the time. What Are the German Modal Verbs? Man kann einfach nicht ohne die Modalverben auskommen!  (You simply cant get along without the modal verbs!) Can (kà ¶nnen) is a modal verb. The other modal verbs are just as impossible to avoid. You have to (mà ¼ssen) use them to complete many sentences. You shouldnt (sollen) even consider trying not to. But why would you want to (wollen)? Did you notice how many times we used modal verbs while explaining their importance? Here are the six modal verbs to look out for: dà ¼rfen -  may, be permitted  Ã‚  Ã‚  kà ¶nnen -  can, be ablemà ¶gen -  like  Ã‚  Ã‚  mà ¼ssen -  must, have tosollen -  should, ought to  Ã‚  Ã‚  wollen -  want to Modals derive their name from the fact that they always  modify  another verb. Additionally, they are always used in tandem with the infinitive form of another verb, as in,  Ich muss morgen nach Frankfurt fahren. (ich muss  Ã‚  fahren) The infinitive at the end may be left off when its meaning is clear:  Ich muss morgen nach Frankfurt. (I must [go/travel] to Frankfurt tomorrow.). Whether implied or stated, the infinitive is always placed at the end of the sentence. The exception is when they appear in subordinate clauses: Er sagt, dass er nicht kommen kann. (He says he cannot come.) Modals in the Present Tense Each modal only has two basic forms:  singular  and  plural. This is the most important rule you need to remember about modal verbs in the present tense. As an example, the verb kà ¶nnen  has the basic forms  kann  (singular) and  kà ¶nnen  (plural). For the singular pronouns  ich,  du,  er/sie/es, you will use  kann  (du  adds its usual -st  ending:  du kannst).For the plural pronouns  wir,  ihr,  sie/Sie, you will use  kà ¶nnen  (ihr  takes its usual -t  ending:  ihr kà ¶nnt). Also, note the resemblance to English  in the pairs  kann  / can and  muss  / must. This means that the modals are actually simpler to conjugate and use than other German verbs. If you remember that they have only two basic present tense forms, your life will be much easier. All of the modals work the same way:  dà ¼rfen/darf,  kà ¶nnen/kann,  mà ¶gen/mag,  mà ¼ssen/muss,  sollen/soll,  wollen/will. Modal Tricks and Peculiarities Some German modals take on a special meaning in certain contexts.  Sie kann Deutsch, for example, means She knows German. This is short for Sie kann Deutsch... sprechen/schreiben/verstehen/lesen. which means She can speak/write/understand/read German. The modal verb  mà ¶gen  is most often used in its subjunctive form:  mà ¶chte  (would like). This implies the probability, wishful thinking, or politeness common in the subjunctive. Both  sollen  and  wollen  can take on the special idiomatic meaning of it is said, its claimed, or they say.  For example,  Er will reich sein,  means He claims to be wealthy. Similarly, Sie soll Franzà ¶sin sein, means They say shes French. In the negative,  mà ¼ssen  is replaced by  dà ¼rfen  when the meaning is the prohibitive must not. Er muss das nicht tun, means He doesnt have to do that. To express, He must not do that, (not allowed to do that), the German would be,  Er darf das nicht tun. Technically, German makes the same distinction between  dà ¼rfen  (to be permitted) and  kà ¶nnen  (to be able) that English does for may and can. However, in the same way  that most English speakers in the real world use He cant go, for He may not go, (doesnt have permission), German speakers also tend to ignore this distinction. You will often find, Er kann nicht gehen, used  instead of the grammatically correct version, Er darf nicht gehen. Modals in the Past Tense In the simple past tense (Imperfekt), the modals are actually easier than in the present. All six modals add the regular past tense marker -te  to the stem of the infinitive. The four modals that have umlauts in their infinitive form, drop the umlaut in the simple past: dà ¼rfen/durfte, kà ¶nnen/konnte, mà ¶gen/mochte, and mà ¼ssen/musste. Sollen becomes sollte;  wollen  changes to wollte. Since the English could has two different meanings, it is important to be aware of which one you intend to express in German. If you want to say, we could do that, in the sense of we were able to, then you will use   wir konnten  (no umlaut). But if you mean it in the sense of we might be able to or its a possibility, then you must say,  wir kà ¶nnten  (the subjunctive form, with an umlaut, based on the past tense form). The modals are used much less frequently in their present perfect forms (Er hat das gekonnt, meaning He was able to do that.). Instead, they typically take  on a double infinitive construction (Er hat das nicht sagen wollen, meaning He didnt want to say that.).

Friday, May 8, 2020

Aristotle s Impact On Today s Society Essay - 1808 Words

Since the beginning of the human’s existence, there have been so many great different concepts from various philosophers that have shaped the structure, knowledge and behaviors that we still exercise in our current world. Philosophy as the fundamental nature of knowledge has contributed to the development of our thoughts and the structure of our societies. Many great philosophers left the presence of their idea implanted in our world for the rest of human life. One central leader that contributed in the philosophical views of ideas, realism and morality of life was the greatest philosopher of all time â€Å"Aristotle†. This essay will focus on two of Aristotle’s major impact on today’s society. These two great essays are, â€Å"The Politics† and â€Å"The Nicomachean Ethics†. Aristotle influenced by previous work from his professor the great philosopher Plato developed ideas of moralities, virtues and ethics of how man should best live, how can we find the truth also how can we explain the world around us. Throughout history there have been many philosophers who have tried to shape the world with their philosophical concepts to make an action a universal law of morality that gives us options to choose a freely moral or legal alternative rather than another one. The concepts revealed by Aristotle’s work have inculcated the way we actually behave and apply ethics to our everyday duties that would lead us to the supreme good â€Å"Eudaimonia† ‘Human Flourishing’, happiness. All theoriesShow MoreRelatedAncient Greek Philosophers Who Have Helped Shape The World1350 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophers who have helped shape the world back then may not be here with us today, but they are still very much alive in the teachings we are being taught today and living through day by day. Around twenty centuries ago, Greek philosopher Aristotle laid out the foundations of Western culture. The princip les of Greek philosophy implemented its way into encompassing a persons point of view or their knowledge on society. Aristotle has helped improve and transmuted the world by his views on ethics and virtuesRead MoreAristotles Impact on Current Society812 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle’s Impact on Current Society _NAME___ HUM 360 B1 Wilmington University Aristotle was one of the most important western philosophers. He was a student of Plato and the teacher of Alexander the Great. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Chapter 18 Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot, and Prongs Free Essays

string(21) " I came to Hogwarts\." It took a few seconds for the absurdity of this statement to sink in. Then Ron voiced what Harry was thinking. â€Å"You’re both mental. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 18 Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot, and Prongs or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Ridiculous!† said Hermione faintly. â€Å"Peter Pettigrew’s dead!† said Harry. â€Å"He killed him twelve years ago!† He pointed at Black, whose face twitched convulsively. â€Å"I meant to,† he growled, his yellow teeth bared, â€Å"but little Peter got the better of me†¦not this time, though!† And Crookshanks was thrown to the floor as Black lunged at Scabbers; Ron yelled with pain as Black’s weight fell on his broken leg. â€Å"Sirius, NO!† Lupin yelled, launching himself forwards and dragging Black away from Ron again, â€Å"WAIT! You can’t do it just like that — they need to understand — we’ve got to explain –â€Å" â€Å"We can explain afterwards!† snarled Black, trying to throw Lupin off. One hand was still clawing the air as it tried to reach Scabbers, who was squealing like a piglet, scratching Ron’s face and neck as he tried to escape. â€Å"They’ve — got — a — right — to — know — everything!† Lupin panted, still trying to restrain Black. â€Å"Ron’s kept him as a pet! There are parts of it even I don’t understand, and Harry — you owe Harry the truth, Sirius!† Black stopped struggling, though his hollowed eyes were still fixed on Scabbers, who was clamped tightly under Ron’s bitten, scratched, and bleeding hands. â€Å"All right, then,† Black said, without taking his eyes off the rat. â€Å"Tell them whatever you like. But make it quick, Remus. I want to commit the murder I was imprisoned for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You’re nutters, both of you,† said Ron shakily, looking round at Harry and Hermione for support. â€Å"I’ve had enough of this. I’m off.† He tried to heave himself up on his good leg, but Lupin raised his wand again, pointing it at Scabbers. â€Å"You’re going to hear me out, Ron,† he said quietly. â€Å"Just keep a tight hold on Peter while you listen.† â€Å"HE’S NOT PETER, HE’S SCABBERS!† Ron yelled, trying to force the rat back into his front pocket, but Scabbers was fighting too hard; Ron swayed and overbalanced, and Harry caught him am pushed him back down to the bed. Then, ignoring Black, Harry turned to Lupin. â€Å"There were witnesses who saw Pettigrew die,† he said. â€Å"A whole street full of them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"They didn’t see what they thought they saw!† said Black savagely, still watching Scabbers struggling in Ron’s hands. â€Å"Everyone thought Sirius killed Peter,† said Lupin, nodding. â€Å"I believed it myself — until I saw the map tonight. Because the Marauder’s map never lies†¦Peter’s alive. Ron’s holding him, Harry.† Harry looked down at Ron, and as their eyes met, they agreed, silently: Black and Lupin were both out of their minds. Their story made no sense whatsoever. How could Scabbers be Peter Pettigrew? Azkaban must have unhinged Black after all — but why was Lupin playing along with him? Then Hermione spoke, in a trembling, would-be calm sort of voice, as though trying to will Professor Lupin to talk sensibly. â€Å"But Professor Lupin†¦Scabbers can’t be Pettigrew†¦it just can’t be true, you know it can’t†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Why can’t it be true?† Lupin said calmly, as though they were in class, and Hermione had simply spotted a problem in an experiment with Grindylows. â€Å"Because†¦ because people would know if Peter Pettigrew had been an Animagus. We did Animagi in class with Professor McGonagall. And I looked them up when I did my homework — the Ministry of Magic keeps tabs on witches and wizards who can become animals; there’s a register showing what animal they become, and their markings and things†¦and I went and looked Professor McGonagall up on the register, and there have been only seven Animagi this century, and Pettigrew’s name wasn’t on the list.† Harry had barely had time to marvel inwardly at the effort Hermione put into her homework, when Lupin started to laugh. â€Å"Right again, Hermione!† he said. â€Å"But the Ministry never knew that here used to be three unregistered Animagi running around Hogwarts.† â€Å"If you’re going to tell them the story, get a move on, Remus,† said Black, who was still watching Scabbers’s every desperate move. â€Å"I’ve waited twelve years, I’m not going to wait much longer.† â€Å"All right†¦but you’ll need to help me, Sirius,† said Lupin, â€Å"I only know how it began†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lupin broke off. There had been a loud creak behind him. The bedroom door had opened of its own accord. All five of them stared at it. Then Lupin strode toward it and looked out into the landing. â€Å"No one there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"This place is haunted!† said Ron. â€Å"It’s not,’ said Lupin, still looking at the door in a puzzled way. â€Å"The Shrieking Shack was never haunted†¦The screams and howls the villagers used to hear were made by me.† He pushed his graying hair out of his eyes, thought for a moment then said, â€Å"That’s where all of this starts — with my becoming a werewolf, None of this could have happened if I hadn’t been bitter†¦and if I hadn’t been so foolhardy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He looked sober and tired. Ron started to interrupt, but Hermione, said, â€Å"Shh!† She was watching Lupin very intently. â€Å"I as a very small boy when I received the bite. My parents tried everything, but in those days there was no cure. The potion that Professor Snape has been making for me is a very recent discovery. It makes me safe, you see. As long as I take it in the week, preceding the full moon, I keep my mind when I transform†¦I’m able to curl up in my office, a harmless wolf, and wait for the moon to wane again. â€Å"Before the Wolfsbane Potion was discovered, however, I became a fully fledged monster once a month. It seemed impossible that I would be able to come to Hogwarts. Other parents weren’t likely to want their children exposed to me. â€Å"But then Dumbledore became Headmaster, and he was sympathetic. He said that as long as we took certain precautions, there was no reason I shouldn’t come to school†¦.† Lupin sighed, and looked directly at Harry. â€Å"I told you, months ago, that the Whomping Willow was planted the year I came to Hogwarts. You read "Chapter 18 Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot, and Prongs" in category "Essay examples" The truth is that it was planted because I came to Hogwarts. This house† — Lupin looked miserably around the room, — â€Å"the tunnel that leads to it — they were built for my use. Once a month, I was smuggled out of the castle, into this place, to transform. The tree was placed at the tunnel mouth to stop anyone coming across me while I was dangerous.† Harry couldn’t see where this story was going, but he was listening raptly all the same. The only sound apart from Lupin’s voice was Scabbers’s frightened squeaking. â€Å"My transformations in those days were — were terrible. It is very painful to turn into a werewolf. I was separated from humans to bite, so I bit and scratched myself instead. The villagers heard the noise and the screaming and thought they were hearing particularly violent spirits. Dumbledore encouraged the rumor†¦Even now, when the house has been silent for years, the villagers don’t dare approach it†¦.† â€Å"But apart from my transformations, I was happier than I had ever been in my life. For the first time ever, I had friends, three great friends. Sirius Black†¦Peter Pettigrew†¦and, of course, your father, Harry — James Potter.† â€Å"Now, my three friends could hardly fail to notice that I disappeared once a month. I made up all sorts of stories. I told them my mother was ill, and that I had to go home to see her†¦I was terrified they would desert me the moment they found out what I was. But of course, they, like you, Hermione, worked out the truth†¦.† â€Å"And they didn’t desert me at all. Instead, they did something for me that would make my transformations not only bearable, but the best times of my life. They became Animagi.† â€Å"My dad too?† said Harry, astounded. â€Å"Yes, indeed,† said Lupin. â€Å"It took them the best part of three years to work out how to do it. Your father and Sirius here were the cleverest students in the school, and lucky they were, because the Animagus transformation can go horribly wrong — one reason the Ministry keeps a close watch on those attempting to do it. Peter needed all the help he could get from James and Sirius. Finally, in our fifth year, they managed it. They could each turn into a different animal at will.† â€Å"But how did that help you?† said Hermione, sounding puzzled. â€Å"They couldn’t keep me company as humans, so they kept me company as animals,† said Lupin. â€Å"A werewolf is only a danger to people. They sneaked out of the castle every month under James’s Invisibility Cloak. They transformed†¦Peter, as the smallest, could slip beneath the Willow’s attacking branches and touch the knot that freezes it. They would then slip down the tunnel and join me. Under their influence, I became less dangerous. My body was still wolfish, but my mind seemed to become less so while I was with them.† â€Å"Hurry up, Remus,† snarled Black, who was still watching Scabbers with a horrible sort of hunger on his face. â€Å"I’m getting there, Sirius, I’m getting there†¦well, highly exciting possibilities were open to us now that we could all transform. Soon we were leaving the Shrieking Shack and roaming the school grounds and the village by night. Sirius and James transformed into such large animals, they were able to keep a werewolf in check. I doubt whether any Hogwarts students ever found out more about the Hogwarts grounds and Hogsmeade than we did†¦ And that’s how we came to write the Marauder’s Map, and sign it with our nicknames. Sirius is Padfoot. Peter is Wormtail. James was Prongs.† â€Å"What sort of animal –?† Harry began, but Hermione cut him off. â€Å"That was still really dangerous! Running around in the dark with a werewolf! What if you’d given the others the slip, and bitten somebody?† â€Å"A thought that still haunts me,† said Lupin heavily. â€Å"And there were near misses, many of them. We laughed about them afterwards. We were young, thoughtless — carried away with our own cleverness.† â€Å"I sometimes felt guilty about betraying Dumbledore’s trust, of course†¦he had admitted me to Hogwarts when no other headmaster would have done so, and he had no idea I was breaking the rules he had set down for my own and others’ safety. He never knew I had led three fellow students into becoming Animagi illegally. But I always managed to forget my guilty feelings every time we sat down to plan our next month’s adventure. And I haven’t changed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lupin’s face had hardened, and there was self-disgust in his voice. â€Å"All this year, I have been battling with myself, wondering whether I should tell Dumbledore that Sirius was an Animagus. But I didn’t do it. Why? Because I was too cowardly. It would have meant admitting that I’d betrayed his trust while I was at school, admitting that I’d led others along with me†¦and Dumbledore’s trust has meant everything to me. He let me into Hogwarts as a boy, and he gave me a job when I have been shunned all my adult life, unable to find paid work because of what I am. And so I convinced myself that Sirius was getting into the school using dark arts he learned from Voldemort, that being an Animagus had nothing to do with it†¦so, in a way, Snape’s been right about me all along.† â€Å"Snape?† said Black harshly, taking his eyes off Scabbers; for the first time in minutes and looking up at Lupin. â€Å"What’s Snape got to do with it?† â€Å"He’s here, Sirius,† said Lupin heavily. â€Å"He’s teaching here as well.† He looked up at Harry, Ron, and Hermione. â€Å"Professor Snape was at school with us. He fought very hard against my appointment to the Defense Against the Dark Arts job. He has been telling Dumbledore all year that I am not to be trusted. He has his reasons†¦you see, Sirius here played a trick on him which nearly killed him, a trick which involved me –â€Å" Black made a derisive noise. â€Å"It served him right,† he sneered. â€Å"Sneaking around, trying to find out what we were up to†¦hoping he could get us expelled†¦.† â€Å"Severus was very interested in where I went every month.† Lupin told Harry, Ron, and Hermione. â€Å"We were in the same year, you know, and we — er — didn’t like each other very much. He especially disliked James. Jealous, I think, of James’s talent on the Quidditch field†¦anyway Snape had seen me crossing the grounds with Madam Pomfrey one evening as she led me toward the Whomping Willow to transform. Sirius thought it would be — er — amusing, to tell Snape all he had to do was prod the knot on the tree trunk with a long stick, and he’d be able to get in after me. Well, of course, Snape tried it — if he’d got as far as this house, he’d have met a fully grown werewolf — but your father, who’d heard what Sirius had done, went after Snape and pulled him back, at great risk to his life†¦Snape glimpsed me, though, at the end of the tunnel. He was forbidden by Dumbledore to tell an ybody, but from that time on he knew what I was†¦.† â€Å"So that’s why Snape doesn’t like you,† said Harry slowly, â€Å"because he thought you were in on the joke?† â€Å"That’s right,† sneered a cold voice from the wall behind Lupin. Severus Snape was pulling off the Invisibility Cloak, his wand pointing directly at Lupin. How to cite Chapter 18 Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot, and Prongs, Essay examples

Monday, April 27, 2020

John Lockes Some Thoughts Concerning Education free essay sample

According to Locke, the goal of education is not to create a scholar, but to create a virtuous man. He believes that learning morals is more important than any other kind of learning. He believes that education should create a person who obeys reason instead of passion. One of the most emphasized points in Locke’s work is that children should enjoy learning and that there is no good reason that they should dislike learning and love playing. This idea covers almost two thirds of his work on education as Locke believes that we should begin teaching humans correctly from a young age. All together, John Locke’s work emphasizes three base ideas, the concept of the tabula rasa, moral learning is more important than any other kind of learning, and that children should enjoy learning. The first subject being covered is the subject of the tabula rasa or blank slate that allows humans to think freely in a sense. We will write a custom essay sample on John Lockes Some Thoughts Concerning Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The concept of the tabula rasa, as told by John Locke, delves into the human mind deeper than one could simply comprehend by studying the surface of the human mind. Locke explains part of a pre-established concept introduced by Aristotle, known as priori and posteriori knowledge. His work places more emphasis on posteriori knowledge in that this learning method imposes that humans are born with a blank slate in their mind and that as they learn, subjects and ideas are essentially burned into their minds. This is based off of the basic â€Å"nature versus nurture† concept in that humans learn in one of two ways. These are either through nature, in which we are born with knowledge and that we are basically unlocking it through experience and all learning is basically recollection. The other method emphasized by Locke is nurturing, humans are taught through action and all learning is just the basic collection of new ideas. Locke held firmly the idea that with the tabula rasa, one is given the ability to bend their mind and tailor themselves to certain ways of learning. This is an important point in Locke’s Some Thoughts Concerning Education because it is the basis for the entirety of this work. This lets people define who they are, or, their character. If every human were to learn through recollection then truly we have no freedom as this means our character and mind are virtually predestined for us. Tabula rasa gives humans the freedom to learn on our own and shape our own characters without having to worry about what might come in our predetermined fates. This also slightly mixes in a single quality of priori knowledge in that once we learn something, it is permanently engraved into our minds, and as we grow older, lose our knowledge as we might, it is simply because we can not recall it. It is held within the library of knowledge that is our brain, but we simply can not remember it. The second argument I would like to introduce is John Locke’s personal views on virtues. Locke was a general liberal Protestant Christian, meaning he held very strong his values and ethics. This is apparent when he explains that moral learning is more important than any other kind of learning. Locke believed that the goal of education was not to raise a man of passion, but to raise one of reason and morals. He also held that another goal of education was not to create a scholarly man, but to create a virtuous man, much like Locke himself. Normally, on the standpoint of religion, philosophers were men of science and logic. Locke directly opposed these earlier ideas by stating that morals, virtues, and ethics were a more important section of learning than any variety of math, algebra, chemistry, etcetera. More specifically, Locke wanted the educational system to instill what he named, the Principle of Virtue. This was an idea that Locke wished to impose that would divert a child’s mental attention from their appetites and desires to reason. Locke deeply rooted his philosophies in his devout dedication to Christianity. Locke strongly supports moral learning because e believes that one who holds strong morals and implements them in their daily lives can improve the quality of society as a whole. He believes that society looks well upon the virtuous because society profits from virtuous acts. Locke wanted to teach these values to young people still going through earlier stages of development so that they would be passed down through generations as the ideal behaviours. The third and final point is L ocke’s strong emphasis on the teaching methods implemented on young children. He held a strong belief that children were the future of our society, and he was correct. This is why he disliked the educational system of his time. He did not like the concept of children being taught languages, mathematics, and science because he knew and he understood that children dislike learning these subjects. He believed that children could have fun learning due to his theory that children hate learning and love playing because they are forced to learn and they are not forced to play. Children enjoy playing because it is an instinct for children to prefer having fun and playing games than being forced to learn the difficult new concepts held within mathematics, algebra, science and languages. He says that children should be nurtured and taken seriously regardless of their behaviour or situation. In saying this, what he means to say is that children should not be beaten, or scolded, and that behaviour, good or bad, should be taken lightly and that children should not be punished for causing trouble due to their age. Locke also puts emphasis on the point that every child’s mind is different, and that teachers should tailor their education towards certain students’ characters. Locke stresses that all children should learn a manual skill such as carpentry, painting, or playing an instrument as it offers relief from the stressful hours spent learning in school. The point of Locke’s essay is to take a stand against schools in a sense. He does this by criticizing their teaching methods and offering ideas on how children should learn and how they should grow. He implements his own opinion by utilizing a strong Christian background and by analyzing the minds of young children. He argues many points and opinions in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, but the most strongly emphasized are the concept of the tabula rasa, that moral learning is the most important form of learning, and that children should be taught through less strict methods of teaching. He believes that people grow through development of the mind, rather than recollection of complicated ideas. In the nature versus nurture argument, Locke strongly supports the notion of nurturing the brain and makes that a strongly opinionated statement through one of his most influential works, Some Thoughts Concerning Education.

Thursday, March 19, 2020

conflicting personalities essays

conflicting personalities essays The characters in John Knowles A Separate Peace contain personalities that convey to summer and winter session. Summer session represents livelihood, care free, being happy, and just having fun. While on the other hand, winter session represents a depressing atmosphere, more solemn, studying hard, and somberness. Gene is a quiet, soft spoken, and intelligent introvert. First, Gene excels in academics, while Finny exceeds in sports. This is shown when Gene says, It was the first test I had ever flunked (42), after ditching class and riding there bicycles to the beach with Finny. This shows how Gene is a very intelligent young man, who has never failed a test once, before that incident. In addition, Gene is withdrawn and always feels that he has to impress Finny. He cannot speak up for himself when he feels compelled to. The reader sees this when reading Genes thoughts, I went along, I never missed a meeting. It never occurred to me to say, I dont feel like it tonight, which was the plain truth every night...Were off, pal, Finny would call out, and acting against every instinct of my nature, I went without a thought of protest(26). This reveals the fact that Gene cannot stand up for himself. He goes along with others even when deep down inside, he does not want to. Lastly, getting good grad es and being the best student does not come easy for Gene. This is seen while Finny talks to Gene and says, I didnt know you had to study, I didnt think you ever did. I thought it just came to you (50). This shows that what hes good at doesnt come natural to him like Finny. He has to work hard to achieve his goal. Finny is the most popular, athletic, and outgoing student in Devon School, although he is not so good in his studies. This notion is supported as Finny plays the role of being the carefree leader that he is. Gene ...

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

What to Do If You Didn’t Get the Promotion

What to Do If You Didn’t Get the Promotion Not getting a promotion you really thought you were in a good position to get is almost as bad as not getting a job you had a really good chance at. It’s disheartening, to say the least. No one likes to think they aren’t doing well enough. And certainly no one likes to go into work after being passed over, only to watch someone else assume the new and fancier role. If you  didn’t get the  promotion, there are a few things you can do to keep from losing hope (and perspective).Strive to improveJust because you were told you’re not going any further at the moment doesn’t mean you should stop trying. You not only have to survive this bump in the road, you need to overcome it and set yourself up to get back on the path to success.Don’t quitYou may feel like quitting and/or burning the office down, but it’s never a good solution. You could take a bad moment and make it much, much worse. Better to have a bit more patience with yourself an d with the situation. Take a moment to mourn the loss of something you wanted, then get back to work with a smile on your face and an eye toward new opportunities- even new jobs.Ask  for feedbackIt may have been out of your control entirely, but there also could have been a few things you might have done differently that in another world would have affected the outcome and turned it in your favor. See if you can’t get the ear of the decision maker. Ask honestly and listen openly, then say thank you and close the conversation. This is not the time to defend yourself or to argue. If you can’t get a straight answer, try finding another source you can trust for information.Don’t just complain, actYou get to wallow for a day or two, and mope, and maybe even grumble. But then you have to stop all that and get back to work building your career. This does not include complaining to HR about the unfairness of it all. If you want to have another crack at advancing at yo ur company in future, try sitting down with HR or your boss instead and ask what you could do in the meantime to make yourself a more attractive candidate for future promotions. They’ll appreciate the initiative. If you’re given any feedback about your performance, take it to heart.Soul searchWhy did you really want this promotion? Are you unsatisfied with the level of challenge you have now? Did you just want a bit of extra money or prestige? Did you really want the extra work and stress, or were you after something else? Once you’ve answered these questions for yourself, you can move forward with a more clear picture of your career goals- and can set about achieving them.NetworkEven if you’re not interested in leaving your company right now, keep your options open by staying engaged with your network. If you’re ready to leave- i.e. you’re unlikely to move any further forward in your current company- it’s time to start opening window s and sending out resumes. Make sure Opportunity can find you when it wants to come and knock.  Often, there is nothing wrong with your actual performance, but the perception of your work is what is getting in your way. It’s always best to know so you can truly prepare for taking your necessary next steps.Just remember: wait to cool off before acting. Ask the hard questions that will help you improve your chances in the future. Keep networking. And don’t, under any circumstances, bad mouth any one you work with or for. Also don’t blow this one disappointment out of proportion. Keep on moving in the right direction, minor or major setbacks be damned.

Sunday, February 16, 2020

The Benefits of Cycling in Thailand Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 6

The Benefits of Cycling in Thailand - Assignment Example With the increasing rate of global warming, various governments are coming up with strategies to curb this trend. Different strategies are drafted in order to reduce the rate of carbon emission in the atmosphere. Motor engines are cited as one of the major contributors of carbon gas emission. This has resulted in rising sea level and desertification in different parts of the world. As a result, people have opted to use means of transport that emit few gases or none at all. In Thailand, the government has even gone ahead to intervene in issue in order to reduce the number of bicycle users. This provides an opportunity for the bicycle producers to make high profits as many people will look forward towards purchasing the bicycles. This paper will, therefore, analyze the market prospects, target customers, consumer buying behaviors, how to position the product in the market and segment the market. The main aim of this paper is to have insight details concerning the market, population, an d demographics in the area that may affect the performance of the product in the market. Nevertheless, some of the assumptions are that the market forces will be constant, and no risks will face the market. In addition, some of the limitations that we may encounter are lack of accurate data concerning the population and the number of purchases made in a day. In order to gain data and current information, we will use secondary data. This will reduce any traces of errors which might mislead business trying to invest in the country. In addition, we will have to forecast future trend using the experiences in the market. This will help us in coming up with the appropriate strategy to use in penetrating the market. Power bike organization was founded in 2006 by Ning and Nui in Roi Et. Power bike organization is one of the leading accessories and cycle retail shops in Roi Et. Powerbike is operated as a family (Ho and Madden-Hallet, 2010, p. 51).  

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Essay Example Balducci, who brings the prisoners, claims that the accused had killed his cousin because of a family squabble over grain. However, it is surprising that there are high rates of insecurity in the region because Balducci has to return to El Ameur to watch over the territory. In as much as several concepts and themes are evident in the narration, the author highlights the theme of injustice, loneliness, and deficiency; consequently, it is necessary to analyze the story based on literary concepts. Analysis of the Guest by Albert Camus The title â€Å"guest† is suitable for the story based on varied reasons. Initially, several things that are happening in the story are alien to the inhabitants of the region. The meetings between people who are unknown to each other signify the need for tolerance. The Arab and Balducci are the guests in the story. According to Camus (2), the story and the characters become anxious because a guest is expected. Indeed, the guest is a character in the story that the author does not disclose directly to the audience. Omnipresent narration is used figuratively to describe the characters in the tale. The narration works well because the reader can understand the events that followed the period after the drought. According to Camus (7), people are dealing with different forms of insecurities. Consequently, the prisoner in the story should receive punishment for his wrongdoings. The Guest depicts a time when people were encountering several forms of challenges in their societies. This is clear because the region where the story is set experiences instability. The author states that the place had experienced war and its negative effects for a while. The characters in the story are instrumental in painting a picture of the real condition that the author describes (Camus 4). For example, Daru is indecisive because he questions the events surrounding his life as apparent in numerous instances. He is supposed to deliver the Arab to the au thorities in Tinguit; however, he is unwilling to do so. Daru talks about the bags of wheat that would be used by the families facing hunger (Camus 1). From the analysis of the story, farming plays a decisive role to livelihood of the characters in the plays. The author further states that learning is no longer taking place at the school compound. As witnessed in the story, the schoolmaster arrives at a deserted. He is annoyed with the prevailing conditions in his country as apparent in the conversation. The guest revolves around the theme of justice. There is a lot of anxiety among the characters in the scene (Camus 6). None of them is certain about his future following the drought and wars. The divergent themes in â€Å"the guest† are instrumental because they highlight the uncertainties in the contemporary European community. It is surprising to state that the Arab is also a guest yet he had committed a crime initially. Indeed, referring to a wrongdoer as a guest represent s sarcasm in the story. The theme of morality is also present in the play using different scene. For example, it is questionable when Daru chooses to sleep naked yet he is a grown up person (Camus 6). The behavior is expected only among children in the society. Symbolism is equally evident in most part of the story. It is evident that people were suffering because of their own mistakes after carefully looking at various instances of imagery (Camus 3). For example, the prisoner will suffer for having

Saturday, January 25, 2020

The Media Coverage Of Womens Sport In Australia Media Essay

The Media Coverage Of Womens Sport In Australia Media Essay In past centuries, women were discouraged from participating in any physical activity. Women were seen as having inadequate strength and ability to perform any physical activity instead were expected to be submissive and obedient supporters of their male relatives in this one sex activity. In the contemporary world, women have the rights to participate in different sports, and are acknowledged for their expertise to a degree; however, it is obvious that mens sport is still dominant. It is evident in nearly all societies that men were and still are receiving the majority of the media coverage, and are more recognised and rewarded for their athletic efforts. When images are presented in the media for sport, they are often of muscular men who have achieved excellence in their sport. At a young age, children are influenced to follow the stereotypes created through the years. Young girls are often excluded in school sports and pressured to express themselves as more passive and beautiful beings. As a result, young boys are given higher opportunities in sport and are rewarded for such things as getting dirty in a game of football and tackling players is rugby. As George Orwell said, Sport is war without bullets. Sometimes the language of sport borrows the language of war: we hear about battles, warriors, and some very real-life injuries. By comparing sport to past events such as war, where women were subjected to roles that only supported men as they were seen as weak, feminine and vulnerable, it is clear that the media is encouraging this disempowerment. While girls are increasingly encouraged to participate in sport, they are brought up believing that they are much weaker than boys, and cannot perform at the same level or intensity. Boys that do not fit the male stereotype norm in sports are often portrayed as having feminised gender characteristics. A young boy to be told that he throws like a girl or runs like a girl is considered an insult to normalised masculinity. Sport and masculinity are closely entwined, and as a result femininity has been defined as the other and distanced from sport. Men who enter the industry in traditionally female sports such as gymnastics, dance and diving are stereotyped as performing in a more feminine domain. Women in Australia have become largely involved in a majority of sports and sporting events including the Olympics and the Commonwealth games. Over 40 percent of the total participants in the Athens Olympic Games in 2004 were women, and Australia had one of the largest contributions to this percentage. However, their achievements are less acknowledged as those of men, through receiving less media coverage on TV and in the print media, newspapers and magazines. Womens sport receives a total of 9% of all sports coverage in all Australian television news and current affairs (Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, 2010). On the other hand, male sport receives over 80%. This unequal coverage has unfortunately created a difficult situation for sportswomen. Women are given less opportunities for professionalism and their media representation commonly portrays them as sexualised and feminine. Unfortunately the limited numbers of women in management within the industry means that changing this disempowerment is a difficult issue for women. The minimal coverage describes women in ways that stress feminine beauty, weakness, passivity and insignificance, deflecting attention from their athleticism. As women are not seen as equally skilful nor worthy of this media coverage, women find it vital to have a strong focus on their appearance to attract the attention of viewers. In a majority of womens sports, the outfits worn by female athletes are minimal and tight, and hair and makeup is flawless which portrays women as glamorous rather than skilful. Womens sport in Australia sees the Opals in basketball wearing tight fitting bodysuits in contrast to the mens knee length oversized shorts and baggy jerseys and women in beach volleyball wearing skimpy bathers while men play in shorts. This image attracts the wrong attention from viewers and even though the number of viewers (usually men) may increase due to this, women are stereotyped and their true abilities are made insignificant. Women are forced to contest each other to find ways to attract coverage to grow their profile and draw much-needed sponsorship dollars. After attracting sponsorship women are pressured by their sponsors to continue to emphasise femininity and look glamorous and beautiful, in order to be successful. Martina Navratilova is one athlete that never followed the stereotype, and relied on her athletic skills in order to be successful. Todays women tennis stars are good athletes who shouldnt have to wear dresses with plunging necklines to grab headlines (Navratilova, M 2000) On the other hand, Tennis superstar Anna Kournikova, has never won a professional tennis tournament, yet is one of the most famous women athletes. She relies on her looks and chooses to promote herself sexually, generally in mens magazine. The courts are as a stage, people love to see attractive players. Yes it is true I always try to be as seductive as possible but I wouldnt be here if I couldnt play tennis (Kournikova, A 2010). Majority of women athletes understand that to be entirely successful, they must have to follow the stereotype and have a strong feminine look to attract viewers. The language used by the media to describe women athletes subjects them to downgrading and sexist language. Women are often described using words such as vulnerable, choking and defeated while male athletes are given empowerment through the language used to describe them. The majority of descriptions of men include words such strong, powerful and gutsy giving them confidence to perform. Commentators and writers in the media push this disempowerment by not only using this language, but by relating women to children and treating them as amateur, unprofessional athletes through using their first names only. Lack of sponsorship hampers the growth and professionalism of womens sports. As the women are unable to obtain substantial sponsorship, they are unable to receive an increase of media coverage and vice versa, therefore the situation is difficult to overcome. The Australian Bodyboarding Pro Tour has been around as a contest for men to express their surfing abilities. For women, this contest has only been available for a few years, with most girls funding their own participation and travel expenses. Out of over 20 women entrants from Australia, only 4 received sponsorship. For women to be able to continue to perform like men, and grow in professionalism, they need to acquire funds like men do. The minimal of coverage is limiting the sponsorship opportunities therefore restricting career and training opportunities. Earning a minimal income from their competitions makes women unable to balance a professional sporting career and a family life. Without sponsorship, or a high winning income, women are forced to also work for a living in order to support their sport, and their family lives. Their busy schedules mean their hours to daily exercise and training are limited, which affects their chances of performing at their best ability. It was once thought that perhaps male athletes were more powerful athletes and therefore deserving of a higher salary. Society believed that the athletes performed at a harder and more exciting standard and for longer periods of time. However, this fact is entirely false and majority of sports are played, and at the same standard, by both men and women. Kira Llewellyn, who surfs for a living, is usually paid between $1000 and $5000 for her competition winnings. She received $20,000 US prize for the Sintra Pro in Portugal which was the largest sum for a woman in this contest. However, this prize money is not acceptable when the male winner received double the amount. Society has minimal understanding and knowledge of the sports due to the restricted coverage. Shelley Maher, president of Womens Lacrosse Australia said Australia is number one in the world in womens lacrosse and yet a very small percentage of the population would know about our sport, let alone that we were champions. Women strive hard to accomplish their goals in their sport. Sadly though, the lack of coverage means they are not credited for those achievements. Its not fair that a tennis player, for example, gets a half page article for breaking into the world top ten and we have the best in the world right here under our noses and nobody outside the sport seems to care, body boarding enthusiast Amanda Dahl says. In fact, the sportswomen from Australia in the 2006 Commonwealth Games won more gold and silver medals than men. Consistent media coverage can benefit a sport by creating positive role models for societys younger generations. These roles models sadly are limited in the world today because of this minimal coverage. Roles models are needed in contemporary Australia to help girls to set goals and accomplish their dreams. Once children reach adolescence, participation in physical activity declines immensely. Having role models in the media, allows the children see that women athletes do exist and therefore these children will begin to see athleticism as an important part in the female identity. The media needs to show a diversity of models, some with a strong athletic ability to ensure, to ensure that the younger generation is able to break through the construction on feminity. In conclusion, women have always been seen as the second sex when it comes to sport. Even though it is evident that coverage has increase over the years, it is clearly still a major disempowerment. Womens sport needs to be given equal coverage as men and needs to focus on their talents rather than the stereotypical images of women such as beautiful and sexualised. This will help create a standard for Australia that both women and men are equal beings, and will be expressed to the world through their media coverages. These factors as above need to be addressed to allow women to succeed in the sporting industry. Being given equal income, and not making women sexualised will create role models for the younger generations and will allow the industry to grow positively. Providing more physical education for girls in school based institutions will encourage young girls to continue exercise and understand it is achievable to perform at an elite level. As Kate Ellis, the Federal Minister for Sport stated, In a country with such a rich sporting culture as Australia, where womens sport is competitive and very successful on the international stage, it is incredibly disappointing that female sport remains so starkly under-represented in the media.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Reasons for inefficiency in monopolies Essay

1 Reasons for inefficiency in monopolies 1. 1 Monopolies and pricing A monopoly prices its products where marginal costs meet marginal revenues to maximise profits. Due to the fact that this price is higher than the market price in perfect competition, many consumers are not able or willing to buy at the higher price. This deadweight loss is an allocative inefficiency. Figure 1: Pricing in monopolies and perfect competition The consumer surplus in perfect competition is 1+2+4, and the producer surplus is 3+5. The consumer surplus in a monopoly is 1, the producer surplus is 2+3, and the deadweight loss is 4+5. 1. 2 Monopolies and productive efficiency In theory, a monopoly does not have to be less (productive) efficient than perfect competition. In reality, however, almost all monopolies tend to be inefficient. This may be for the following reasons: 1. 2. 1 Pressure for productive efficiency In perfect competition the price within an industry is determined by the market, or in other words, by demand and supply. Profit maximisation is achieved where the marginal cost curve intersects the demand curve (see figure 1). This means that in perfect competition, the company maximises its profit at the minimum point of its average cost curve. A company in a perfectly competitive environment tries, therefore, to be as efficient as possible in order to meet the minimum average cost. This causes a lot of pressure to achieve productive efficiency. A company in a monopolistic environment is able to change not only its cost, but also its prices. There is far less pressure for productive efficiency. 1. 2. 2 Diseconomies of scale A monopoly may increase its output to the point where it exceeds the minimum point of cost on its long-run average total cost curve. In this case, diseconomies of scale occur. 1. 2. 3 X-inefficiency. In perfect competition, X-inefficiency of one market participant will have almost no influence on the market and the market price. X-inefficiencies in a monopoly increase cost and, therefore, price. X-inefficiencies are more likely in monopolies because there is no benchmark to monitor the performance of management and less pressure from shareholders and markets. 1. 2. 4 Principal Agent There are no benchmarks and most shareholders and regulators do not have the insight into the company to evaluate management. 1. 2. 5 Case study: Deutsche Post AG (DPAG), Germany. The privatisation of most regulatory monopolies during the last few decades shows that competition decreases costs: Figure 2: Deutsche Post AG: Postal items delivered and employees (FTE) 1999-2005 The Deutsche Post AG lost its monopoly on the delivery of letters over 100 grams in 1998 and on the delivery of letters between 50-100 grams in 2005. From 1999- 2005, employees were reduced by 16% despite the fact that the total number of items delivered increased by over 3%. This means that during the monopoly the DPAG had a lower productive efficiency, delivering fewer items with more people and higher costs.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Should New Zealand Allow Genetically Modified Food Essay

Living in a world that is changing constantly and advancing due to technological advances, particularly in the area of molecular genetics. New ways are discovered and implemented to improve what nature has to offer, a variety of species are being genetically modified in order to produce new substances and carry out different functional roles (Ministry for the Environment, 2004). With the use of genetic engineering a gene of interest is introduced into a different species, allowing for a desired trait to be acquired in that species (Hui Culbertson, 2006). With the introduction of genetic engineering it is now possible to produce crops that produce greater yields, in shorter periods of time and also provide resistance from pests, along with other various beneficial effects (Thomas et al, 2003). Many countries globally have already exercised the use of genetic engineering, however due to the strict regulations in New Zealand, commercial growth is prohibited. 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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Relationship Between Chinese Stock Market And Macro Economy

Literature review Name/student number: Yatian Chen B150132143 The study of the relationship between Chinese stock market and macro economy:† Can Chinese stock market imply macro economy?† 1.Motivation Researches concerning on macro economy and stock markets of established markets have been widely studied in the past. Early studies in this area support the argument that stock market returns are influenced by economic announcements ( Hardouvelis, 1988 ). Additionally, authors such as Levine and Zervos ( 1996 ) have produced significant evidence that stock markets returns are influenced by macroeconomic indicators such as Gross Domestic Production ( GDP ), productivity, employment and interest rates. However, there has been†¦show more content†¦Therefore, a study for China is essential as it potentially creates a necessary background for studying similar areas for Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa. Further, It is interesting that even though China has become one of the most powerful economic unit in the world and also has been developing steadily and fast during the last three decades, its stock market is still very volatile overtime. Thus, problems that whether the Chinese stock market really has the ability to react macro economy or how well the stock market can fit the macro economy still need some further studies and researches to discover. The conclusion of this dissertation can not only help the Chinese investors to make better investment decisions but also make some suggestions to the the ones who regulate Chinese economy and finance. 2.Theories, data, variables and research methods Before the research, it is meaningful to be well aware of the basic theories related to the topic, which thus will assist for choosing suitable variables. Following what is mentioned above, it is able to apply good research methods to conduct the research. 2.1 Theories 2.1.1 Capital Asset Pricing Model Even though many articles are conducted to critically study the capital asset pricing model ( CAPM ), it is widely used around financial